Alder Buckthorn [Breaking Buckthorn, Black Dogwood]	Butcher's skewers, manufacture of gunpowder. Green dye from fruits, others from bark.
Alder, Common	Clogs and broom handles, charcoal for gunpowder. Red dye from bark. Tanning agent. Fencing.
Ash, Common	Oars/paddles, tool shafts and handles, walking sticks, aeroplanes, cart and carriage wheels, veneer. Arrow shafts.
Beech, Common	Turned furniture. Mallets. Yokes. Nuts for swine, and also source of lamp oil.
Birch	Charcoal. Pitch. Sap used in wine-making.
Black Poplar	Matchsticks.
Blackthorn	Walking sticks, rake teeth. Sloes eaten and used in sloe gin.
Box	Carving, chessmen, draughts pieces, mathematical instruments, for woodcuts and printing blocks.
Buckthorn	Dyes from black berries.
Crack Willow	Artists charcoal.
Damson	Cabinet making. [We also have a review of a Damson recipe booklet published by the Westmorland Damson Association over on the Books page. Jump there now.]
Dogwood [Cornel, Dagwood, Wax Tree]	Skewers, pegs, arrow-shafts, bobbins. Lamp-oil from berries.
Elder [Bore-tree, Bottery]	Wooden spoons and toys. Bark & flowers in herbalism. Dyes.
English Oak	Numerous: from furniture to building to ships to casks. Tannin from bark. Acorns for pig fodder. Yokes. Five-bar gates.
Goat Willow	Clothes pegs and teeth for rakes.
Hazel, Common	Hurdles, basketry, crate hoops, walking sticks, building material [wattle & daub].
Holly	Woodcut blocks, and inlay. 'Swingle' of flail.
Hornbeam	Mallet heads, chopping blocks, yokes, wheel spokes, cogwheels and 'threaded' items, charcoal.
Horse Chestnut	Toys, trays.
Laburnum	Cabinet making.
Lime, Common	Musical instruments and carving, spoons. Matting and ropes from inner bark.
Rowan [Mountain Ash]	Tool handles and carving.
Scots Pine	Timber, furniture, fencing, boxes, masts, charcoal, railway sleepers, turpentine and tar.
Sessile Oak	Charcoal.
Silver Birch	Besom brooms [twigs], tool handles, brush making.
Spindle [Skewerwood, Pegwood]	Artists charcoal, spindles for spinning.
Sweet Chestnut [Spanish Chestnut]	Timber, beer cask hoops, coppiced [for hop poles and fencing stakes]. Tannin from bark.
Sycamore	Furniture, musical instruments, veneers, household utensils.
Walnut	Furniture manufacturing.
Wayfaring Tree	Tobacco pipe mouthpieces. Ink from berries.
White Willow	Cricket bats, basketry. Trugs. Red dye from roots.
Whitebeam	Hard wood enabled it to be used in early machinery as cogs.
Wild Cherry	Tobacco pipes, furniture, veneers.
Wild Service Tree	Charcoal. Berries in herbalism.
Wych Elm	Boat making and water pipes, chair seats, wooden wheel hubs.
Yew, Common	Bow making.

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